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Humayun’s Tomb- Mausoleum of Emperor Humayun

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Humayun's Tomb is the Mausoleum of Mughal Emperor Humayun, who ruled India and took the empire to the highest levels. In a short period of time, Humayun left great legacy. The tomb was built by his loving wife. The tomb also holds cultural and architectural significance as being the first of its kind garden tomb. It inspired many of the architectural modernizations that made all the difference for the architectures to come later.

The tomb is situated in vicinity of Dina-Panah or Purana Qila. The Dina-Panah was constructed in year 1533. It is estimated that the principal structure of Tomb took around 8 years and occupied the center of 30-acre Garden also known as Char Bagh or Four Gardens. The tomb shows typically Persian designed garden constructed in a quadrilateral structure and was unique in the South Asia. The Paradise garden has a typical geometry divided into 4 squares constructed in the paved khiyabans, also known as the walkways, beside the two central channels supplying water and showing the division in the way that it gives reflection of 4 rivers that constitute the Jannat or Islamic concept of the paradise.

Each of 4 squares is further given a sub-division into 36-small sizes squares with smartly designed pathways and quite typical in design. The central water channels are constructed in manner such that these disappear beneath the tomb structure that suddenly reappears on other side in a pattern of straight line symbolizing the Quranic verse. The verse talks of the river, which flows underneath the “Garden of Paradise.” The 3 sides of tomb are enclosed in high rise rubble walls, whereas, the fourth side shows river Yamuna. However, river Yamuna has gone away from its course now. The north side of tomb has bath chamber also known as the hammam.

The tomb’s South-East corner lies within the garden and called as Nai-ka-Gumbad or Barber's Tomb (c.1590). The presence of Barber’s tomb within premises shows celebration of royalty and the level of importance that was accorded to it during those times. The eastern wall has the Baradari or room with 12 doors through which air can pass. This was remarkable exemplification of cross ventilation. The whole structure of tomb is constructed on elevated platform and has 7 steps that lead to the platform. The tomb itself has square plan structure with the covering of double-dome. There are two graves inside the double tomb which shows the Quran versus. One of the graves has the inscription999, meaning the year 1590-91. Humanyun’s Tomb was accorded as the UNESCO World Heritage site in year 1993 and since then, there has been restoration work undertaken on a huge scale.

Humayun’s Tomb was constructed in1562 CE by his wife Begum Hamida Banu. The whole structure was designed by Persian architect and designer Mirak Mirza Ghiyath. The structure was completed by son Sayyed Muhammad bin Mirak Ghiyathuddin in the year 1571. The tomb has splendid ambience and shows the Persian Mughal style and is worth praise.